第一部分、大纲要求：

　　一、评价目标：

　　考生应能写不同类型的应用文，包括私人和公务信函、备忘录、摘要、报告等，还应能写一般描述性、叙述性和说明或议论性的文章。短文写作时，考生应能：

　　l、做到语法、拼写、标点正确，用词恰当；

　　2、遵循文章的特定文体格式；

　　3、合理组织文章结构，使其内容统一、连贯；

　　4、根据写作目的和特定读者，恰当使用语域。

　　二、考试内容：

　　该部分由A、B两节组成，考查考生的书面表达能力。总分30分。

　　A节：考生根据所给情景写出一篇约100词(标点符号不计算在内)的应用性短文，包括私人和公务信国、备忘录、摘要、报告等。考生在答题卡2上作答。满分10分。

　　B节：要求考生根据提示信息写出一篇160-200词的短文(标点符号不计算在内)。提示信息的形式有主题句、写作提纲、规定情景、图、表等。考生在答题卡2上作答。满分20分。

　　三、评分原则和方法：

　　l、虽然A、B两节的考查要点有所不同，但对考生写作能力的基本要求是相同的，所以一般评分标准对两节都适用。但根据两节的不同考查要点，评分是会有不同的侧重点。

　　A节

　　应用文的评分侧重点在于信息点的覆盖和内容的组织、语言的准确性、格式和语域(指在书面和口语表达中根据不同的交际对象，所采用的话语方式，即正式、一般、非正式的话语)的恰当。对语法结构和词汇多样性的要求将根据具体试题作调整。允许在作文中使用提示语中出现过的关键词，但使用提示语中出现过的词组或句子将被扣分。

　　B节

　　B节作文的评分重点在于内容的完整性、文章的连贯组织性、语法结构和词汇的多样性及语言的准确性。

　　2、评分时，先根据文章的内容和语言确定其所属档次，然后以该档次的要求来给分。评分人员在档内有l-3分的调节分。

　　3、A节作文的字数要求是100词左右。B节作文的字数要求是160-200词。文章长度不符合要求的，酌情扣分。

　　4、拼写与标点符号是语言准确性的一个方面。评分时，视其对交际的影响程度予以考虑。英、美拼写及词汇用法均可接受。

　　5、如书写较差，以致影响交际，将分数降低一个档次。

　　四、最新考研英语写作具体评分细则

　　20—17分：内容切题，包括题中所列的各项内容，清楚表达其内涵，文字连贯；句式有变化，句子结构和用词正确。文章长度符合要求。

　　16—13分：内容切题，包括题中所列的各项内容；比较清楚地表达其内涵，文字基本连贯，句式有一定变化，句子结构和用词无重大错误。文章长度符合要求。

　　12—9分：内容切题，基本包括题中所列各方面的内容；基本清楚地表达其内涵；句子结构和词有少量错误。文章长度符合要求。

　　8—5分：内容基本切题，基本包含题中所列各方面的内容；语句可以理解，文章长度基本符合要求。

　　4—1分：基本按要求写作，但只有少数句子可以理解。

　　0分：文不切题，语句混乱，无法理解。

      第二部分、写作整体构建模式

　　考研英语写作的文章一般包括一个开头段、若干扩展段和一个结尾段。开头段和结尾段一般比扩展段短。各种段落的作用、特点和写作方法如下所示。

　　一、开头段

　　开头段一定要语言精练，并且直接切入主题。开头段一般不对主题进行深入的探讨，具体的论证或叙述应该在扩展段进行。

　　开头段的常用核心句型

　　1.The arguer may be right about…, but he seems to neglect (fail) to mention (takes into account) the fact that….

　　2.As opposed to (Contrary to) widely (commonly / generally) held (accepted) belief (ideas / views), I believe (argue) that…

　　3.Although many people believe that…, I doubt (wonder)whether the argument bears much analysis (close examination).

　　4.The advantages of B outweigh any benefit we gained from (carry more weight than those of / are much greater than) A.

　　5.Although it is commonly (widely / generally) held (felt / accepted / agreed) that…, it is unlikely to be true that….

　　6.There is an element of truth in this argument (statement), but it ignores a deeper and more basic (important / essential) fact (reason) that….

　　7.It is true that (True, / To be sure, / Admittedly,)…, but this is not to say (it is unlikely / it doesn’t follow / it doesn’t mean / it won’t be the case) that….

　　8.The main (obvious / great) problem (flaw / drawback) with (in) this argument (view / remark) is that it is ignorant of (blind to) the basic (bare) fact that….

　　9.It would be possible (natural / reasonable) to think (believe / take the view) that…, but it would be absurd (wrong) to claim (argue) that….

　　10.In all the discussion and debate over…, one important (basic) fact is generally overlooked (neglected).

　　11.There is absolutely (in fact) no (every) reason for us to believe (accept / resist / reject) that….

　　12.Logical (Valid / Sound) as this argument and I wholeheartedly agree with it, it appears insignificant (absurd) when…is taken into consideration(account).

　　13.To assume (suggest) that…is far from being proved (to miss the point).

　　14.A close (careful) inspection (examination / scrutiny) of this argument would reveal how flimsy (groundless /fallacious) it is.

　　15.On the surface (At first thought), it (this) may seem a sound (an attractive) suggestion (solution / idea), but careful weighing on the mind (on closer analysis / on second thought), we find that…

　　16.Too much emphasis placed on (attention paid to / importance attached to)…may obscure (overlook / neglect) other facts….

　　17.The danger (problem / fact / truth / point) is that….

　　18.What the arguer fails to understand (consider / mention) is that….

　　19.However just (logical / sound / valid) this argument may be, it only skims the surface of the problem.

　　20.Among the most convincing (important) reasons given (cited / offered / identified) by people for…, one should be stressed (emphasized / mentioned).

　　21.As far as I am concerned, however, I believe that….

　　22.I believe that the title statement is valid because (of)….

　　23.I agree with the above statement because I believe that….

　　24.Although I appreciate that…, I cannot agree with the title statement.

　　25.There is a public controversy nowadays over the issue of…. Those who object to…argue that…. But people who favor…, on the other hand, argue that….

　　26.Currently (In recent years / In the past few years / For many years now), there is (has been) a(n) general (widespread / growing / widely held) feeling towards (concern over / attitude towards / trend towards / awareness of / realization of / illusion of / belief in)….

　　27.Now it is commonly (widely / generally / increasingly) believed (thought / held / accepted/ felt / recognized / acknowledged) that…. But I wonder (doubt) whether….

　　28.These days we are often told that (often hear about)…, but is this really the case?

　　二、中间段

　　中间段是文章的正文，其作用是从不同的层面对文章主题进行具体和详实的解释和论证。

　　1、中间段的一般特征

　　① 篇幅一般比开头段和结尾段长。

　　② 每段有相应的主题句。

　　③包含定义、解释、描写，说明主题思想的扩展句可以采用实例、数据或个人经历等写作手段。

　　④不同种类的段落采用不同的扩展手段。

　　中间段的常用核心句型

　　1.Although the popular belief is that…, a current (new / recent) study (survey / poll / investigation) indicates (shows / demonstrates) that….

　　2.Common sense tells us that….

　　3.The increase (change / failure / success) in…mainly (largely / partly) results from (arises from / is because of)….

　　4.The increase (change / failure / success) in…is due to (owing to / attributable to) the fact that….

　　5.Many people would claim that….

　　6.One may attribute (ascribe / owe) the increase (decrease / change ) to…, but…is not by itself an adequate explanation.

　　7.One of the reasons given for…is that….

　　8.What is also worth noticing is that….

　　9.There are many (different / several /a number of / a variety of)causes (reasons) for this dramatic (marked / significant) growth (change / decline / increase) in…. First,…. Second,…. Finally,….

　　10.There is no evidence to suggest that….

　　11.Why are (is / do / did)…? For one thing,…. For another,….

　　12.Another reason why I dispute the above statement is that….

　　13.It gives rise to (lead to / bring /create) a host of problems (consequences).

　　14.There are numerous reasons why…, and I shall here explore only a few of the most important ones.

　　15.It will exert (have / produce) profound (far-reaching / remarkable / considerable / beneficial / favorable / undesirable / disastrous) effect (influence) on….

　　16.A multitude of factors could account for (contribute to / lead to / result in / influence) the change (increase / decrease / success / failure / development) in….

　　17.In 2000, it increased (rose / jumped / shot up) from 5 to 10 percent of the total (to 15 percent / by 15 percent).

　　18.By comparison with 2002, it decreased (dropped / fell) from 10 to 5 percent (to 15 percent / by 15 percent).

　　19.It accounts for 15 percent of the total.

　　20.There were 100 traffic accidents in April, an increase of 5 percent in a five-month period.

　　21.By 2002, only (less than / more than / almost / about / over/ as many as) three quarters (40 percent of / one out of five / one in four) college population (graduates / housewives) as against (as compared with) last year (2002) preferred to (liked)….

　　22.With the development (improvement / rise / growth / general recognition / acknowledgement / realization) of…, vast changes awaits this country’s society.

　　23.Now people in growing (ever-increasing / significant) numbers are beginning (coming / getting) to believe (realize / recognize / understand / accept / see / be aware) that….

　　24.According to a(n) recent (new / official) study (survey / report / poll),….

　　25.History (Our society) is filled (abounds) with the examples of….

　　26.The story (case / instance / situation) is not rare (isolated / unique), it is one of many examples (typical of dozens).

　　27.A (one) recent (new / general / nationwide) study (survey / poll / investigation) conducted (taken) at a university by (officials / scientists / experts) indicates (reveals / suggests / shows / proves / demonstrates) that….

　　28.According to (As can be seen in / As is shown in) the figures (statistics / findings / data / graph / table) released (provided) by the government (an institute), it can be learned (seen / predicted) that….

　　29.There is (no) good (every / little / sufficient / considerable / strong) evidence (proof) to

　　30.Personal experience (Examples I heard / read of) leads me to conclude that….

　　31.We must admit the undeniable fact that….

　　32.No one can deny (ignore / doubt / overlook / obscure / brush aside) the fact that….

　　33.Experience (Evidence) suggests (shows) that….

　　34.Take for example…who (that)….

　　35.The same is true of….

　　36.As the saying goes,“….”

　　三、结尾段

　　结尾段的核心句型

　　1.From what has been discussed above (Taking into account all these factors / Judging from all evidence offered), we may safely draw (reach / come to / arrive at) the conclusion that….

　　2.All the evidence (analysis) supports (justifies / confirms / warrants / points to) a(n) unshakable (unmistakable / sound / just) conclusion that….

　　3.It is high time that we place (lay / put) great (special / considerable) emphasis on the improvement (development / increase / promotion) of….

　　4.It is high time that we put an end to the deep-seated (unhealthy / undesirable / deplorable) situation (tendency / phenomenon) of….

　　5.We must look (search / call / cry) for an immediate action (method / measure), because the present (current) situation (phenomenon / tendency / state / attitude) of…, if permitted (allowed) to continue (proceed), will surely (certainly) lead to (result in) the end (destruction / heavy cost) of….

　　6.There is no easy (immediate / effective) solution (approach / answer / remedy) to the problem of…, but…might be useful (helpful / beneficial).

　　7.No easy method (solution / recipe / remedy) can be at hand (found / guaranteed) to solve (resolve / tackle) the problem of…, but the common (general / public) recognition of (realization of / awareness of / commitment to) the necessity (importance / significance) of…might be the first step towards change (on the right way / in the right direction).

　　8.Following these methods (suggestions) may not guarantee the success in (solution to)…, but the pay-off will be worth the effort.

　　9.Obviously (Clearly / No doubt), if we ignore (are blind to) the problem, there is every chance that….

　　10.Unless there is a common realization of (general commitment to)…, it is very likely (the chances are good) that….

　　11.There is little doubt (no denying) that serious (special / adequate / immediate / further) attention must be called (paid / devoted) to the problem of….

　　12.It is necessary (essential / fundamental) that effective (quick / proper) action (steps /measures / remedies) should be taken to prevent (correct /check / end / fight) the situation (tendency / phenomenon).

　　13.It is hoped (suggested / recommended) that great (continuous / persistent / sustained / corporate) efforts should be made to control (check/ halt / promote) the growth (increase / rise) of….

　　14.It is hoped that great efforts should be directed to (expended on / focused on) finding (developing / improving)….

　　15.It remains to be seen whether…, but the prospect (outlook) is not quite encouraging (that rosy).

　　16.Anyhow, wider (more) education (publicity) should be given to the possible (potential / grave /serious / pernicious) consequences (effects) of….

　　17.To reverse (check / control) the trend (tendency) is not a light task (an easy job), and it requires (demands / involves / entails) a different state of mind towards (attitude towards / outlook on)….

　　18.For these reasons, I strongly recommend that….

　　19.For the reasons given above, I feel that….

　　四、段落扩展中的常用词语

　　1、总结关系过渡词语

　　generally speaking, generally, as a general rule, in general, on a larger scale, to take the idea further, to take the above opinion to an extreme, in a sense, in one sense, in a way, to some extent, in my opinion, in my view, as for me, as far as I am concerned, obviously, undoubtedly, in terms of, in conclusion, in short, in brief, in summary, in a word, on the whole, to sum up, to conclude

　　2、比较对比关系过渡词语

　　similarly, likewise, like, too, equally important, the same as, in common, in the same way, on the contrary, on the one hand, on the other hand, otherwise, in sharp contrast, whereas, rather than, conversely, instead, in/by contrast, but, however, yet, nevertheless

　　3、列举关系过渡词语

　　for example, for instance, as an example, as a case in point, such as, namely, that is, like, thus, first, second, third, finally, in the first place, initially, first of all, to begin with, to start with, what is more, furthermore, eventually, besides, in addition (to that), first and foremost, last but not least, next, also, moreover, for one thing, for another

　　4、因果关系过渡词语

　　because (of), as, since, for, owing to, due to, thanks to, on account of, as a result of, result in (from), consequently, for the reason that, as a consequence, consequently, if follows that, accordingly, therefore, hence

　　5、让步关系过渡词语

　　although, even though, after all, in spite of, despite, granted that

　　6、强调关系过渡词语

　　anyway, certainly, surely, obviously, to be sure, especially, particularly, above all, in deed, in fact, even worse, needless to say, most important of all, no doubt

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