猕猴桃园节肢动物群落重建及主要类群的生态位

摘要

为研究猕猴桃节肢动物群落重建过程和主要类群生态位移,调查野生猕猴桃和人工栽植不同树龄(3、9、14a)猕猴桃园节肢动物群落,测定群落特征指标和主要类群的时空生态位。结果表明,群落包含3纲15目74科,约90种。不同猕猴桃园节肢动物群落的主要类群不同,各类群占群落总数的比例差异显著,野生猕猴桃节肢动物群落中各类群分布较均匀,栽植园群落中害虫比例较大。野生猕猴桃和栽植猕猴桃园之间,群落的多样性指数、均匀度和优势度差异均极显著,群落稳定性表现为野生>9a>14a>3a。各类群的时空二维生态位也会随着栽植时间增长发生变化:蜘蛛和蝇类的生态位在不同树龄的猕猴桃园中都保持在较高水平;人工栽植初期,山楂叶螨和叶蝉占据的时空生态位较宽,成为优势类群,小薪甲与山楂叶螨生态位重叠较大,竞争激烈;随后,小薪甲和瘿蚊的时空二维生态位逐渐增大,到14a猕猴桃园中已经取代了山楂叶螨和叶蝉,成为主要害虫。总之,人工干扰的节肢动物群落重建是一个次级演替过程,与自然生态系统群落明显不同。

Previous research has shown that wild kiwifruit orchards have gradually been replaced by cultivated kiwifruit orchards.The arthropod community in cultivated kiwifruit orchard can changes over time,from the community that arises after colonization,to the climax community that establishes over the long term.In this study,we investigate the temporal changes in the arthropod community and the niche of the main groups found in kiwifruit orchards.Arthropod communities were surveyed in a wild orchard and three cul...

关键词

猕猴桃; 节肢动物; 群落重建; 生态位

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猕猴桃园节肢动物群落重建及主要类群的生态位.pdf