土壤重金属污染生物修复的研究进展

沈振国　陈怀满

摘要　土壤重金属污染的生物修复是污染整治的重要手段之一，是目前世界范围内的研究热点，亦是目前仅见的土壤污染治理的环境友好技术。主要评述了重金属污染土壤的植物修复的原理、类型与技术，植物修复的优点，微生物修复等进展情况。并对今后的研究重点进行了简要的讨论。
关键词　生物修复　植物修复　重金属　土壤污染

Bioremediation of Heavy Metal Polluted Soils

Shen Zhenguo et al
（Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences NANJING 210008）

Abstract　Phytoremediation of heavy metal contaminated soils, by using plants to make soil contaminants nontoxic, offers a cost-effective “green” method for soil remediation. There are now four subsets of this technology applicable to soil remediation: (1) phytoextraction, using hyperaccumulator plants or high biomass metal accumulating plants to remove toxic metals from soil; (2) phytovolatilization, using plants to stimulate volatilization of metals from soil or plant surface; (3) phytofiltration, using plants to absorb, precipitate and concentrate toxic metals from water; and (4) phytostabilization, using plants to transform soil metals from toxic forms to less toxic forms. The use of plants to clean soils contaminated by toxic metals shows great potentiality. Also discussed are some important advances, made in the past few years, in making use of microorganisms for remediation of heavy metal contaminated soils.
Key words　bioremediation, heavy metal, phytoremediation, soil pollution

国家自然科学基金(29977009)、国家科技攻关任务(96-920-13-03)、中国科学院土壤圈物质循环开放研究实验室基金资助项目
通讯联系人
沈振国（中国科学院南京土壤研究所，南京　210008）　
陈怀满（中国科学院南京土壤研究所，南京　210008）

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