三、结语 早在20年前,生态学家Odum(1982)就指出由于人类的小决策主导,而不做大决策,是导致生态与环境危机的重要原因。中国古人也云:人无远虑必有近忧。而对异常快速的中国城市化进程,城市规划师和城市建设的决策者不应只忙于应付迫在眉睫的房前屋后的环境恶化问题,街头巷尾的交通拥堵问题。而更应把眼光放在区域和大地尺度来研究长远的大决策、大战略,哪怕是牺牲眼前的或局部的利益来换取更持久和全局性的主动,因为只有这样,规划师才有他的尊严,城市建设和管理者才有其从容不迫,城市的使用者才有其长久的安宁和健康。从这个角度来讲,眼下轰轰烈烈的城市美化和建设生态城市的运动,至少过于短视和急功好利,与建设可持续的、生态安全与健康的城市,往往南辕北辙:折掉中心旧房改成非人尺度的铺装广场;推平乡土的自然山头改成奇花异木的"公园";伐去蜿蜒河流两岸的林木,铲去其自然的野生植物群落,代之以水泥护岸;把有千年种植历史的高产稻田改为国外引进的草坪;更不用说那些应付节庆和领导参观的临时花坛摆设,而所有这些往往被戴上了"民心工程"的帽子,作为政绩加以推广和宣传,其谬大焉(俞孔坚,2000)。 当然,对战略性的城市生态基础设施本身和城市未来发展趋势的理解,是建立前瞻性的城市生态基础设施的前提。同时,必须认识到,在一个既定的城市规模和用地范围内,要实现一个完善的生态基础设施,势必会遇到法规与管理上的困难。所以,规划师的认识水平的提高,决策者非凡的眼光和胸怀,以及对现行城市规划及管理法规的改进,是实现战略性城市生态基础设施的基础。
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