刘易斯·芒福德与科技生态学
注释：
[1] 昆斯Kuhns（1971）没有使用“媒介生态”这个词，但是他所指的确实是媒介环境和信息生态。
[2] 在这里，我们有必要指出，对于创始人的甄别，如果不是基于要神化的需要的话，往往是基于文化的需要，而不是逻辑上的必然要求（参见Kirk，1983）。知识史是一种交互文本的实践，这种交互文本总是具有相关性的，它在本质上排斥着封闭性。例如，戈德斯受到了俄罗斯王子Petr Kropotkin的著作的影响。
[3] 维布伦（Veblen）对英尼斯（Innis）的也有很大的影响（Stamps，1995）; 维布伦使英尼斯成为另一位多伦多学派与纽约学派的知识联结者。
[4] 凯里(Carey, 1997）指出，芒福德关于电力科技的立场变动与麦克卢汉在《机械的新娘》（McLuhan，1951）与《理解媒介》（Mcluhan，1964）中立场的变动相反。波兹曼Postman从《教学是颠覆性的活动》(Postman & Weingartner, 1969）到《教学是保存性的活动》(Postman，1979）的转变与芒福德的转变相似，他们早期的作品像麦克卢汉那样对电子媒介大加赞扬，而后期的著述则对电视对文化与认识的作用颇具批判性。波兹曼Postman的转变被看成是政治上的转变，它保持着一种自由主义的定位，在意识形态方面，他与芒福德更为接近，与麦克卢汉则相对较远。
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Lewis Mumford and Ecology of Technics
Lance Strate Casey Man Kong Lum
Fordham University William Paterson University American
Yang leiping Translator Cui Bao-guo Translation Proofreader
Abstract: This paper analyzes Lewis Mumford’s scientific thoughts and introduces his contribution to establish the concept of media ecology. In his thoughts, Ecology of Technics is both a scientific tradition and an angle to study technics, media and culture. After combing his scientific thoughts in historic order, this paper introduces his contribution in three aspects: his epoch-making techinics history theory; the techo-organicism theory on the relation between techincs and human development; and his critique on megamachine. This paper ends with the discussion on the ethic problems existed in his book, life and his media ecology theory.
Key words: Lewis Mumford; Media Ecology; Ecology of Technics
[作者简介]兰斯.斯瑞特（Lance Strate），美国纽约大学博士，福德哈姆大学（Fordham University）传播与媒介研究系主任、副教授。林文刚(Casey Man Kong Lum)，美国纽约大学博士，威廉姆· 彼德森大学（William Paterson University）传播系副教授。原文载: Lance Strate and Casey Man Kong Lum. (2000). Lewis Mumford and ecology of technics. The New Jersey Journal of communication, 8(1),p. 56-78.
译者：杨蕾萍，清华大学新闻与传播学院硕士研究生。译校：崔保国，清华大学新闻与传播学院教授。
——原载香港《中国传媒报告》（China Media Reports）2003年第3期
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